The study area covers the coastal part of the Jifarah Plain in NW of Libya.The Jifarah Plain is a flat area of triangle shape of about 20,000 km2. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea in the north, the Tunisian border in the west and Jebal Naffusah border in the south and east. The studied coastal area is a coastal strip of around 105 km length and 18 km wide in the north of central Jifarah comprising Tripoli city, where more than 50% of the country’s population are concentrated.